The drive motor is one of the three main components of electric vehicles, and its importance is extremely important for electric vehicles. The drive motor of an electric vehicle replaces the engine in a fuel vehicle. It uses a motor control machine to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. It is the only power source for electric vehicles.

1. Types of electric vehicle drive motors

At present, there are three main types of electric vehicle drive motors: permanent magnet synchronous motors, AC asynchronous motors and switched reluctance motors.

1. Electric vehicle drive motor: permanent magnet synchronous motor

Among the three types of electric vehicle drive motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors are the mainstream electric vehicle drive motor category due to their excellent performance.

The permanent magnet synchronous motor has the characteristics of small size, light weight, high power, high precision and high reliability. It can output the maximum power and acceleration for the vehicle. The working efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can even reach 97%, which is the best for other types of motors. Can't be done. However, while having excellent performance, the price of permanent magnet synchronous motor is also very high. Because of its special structure and composition, permanent magnet synchronous motor is mainly used in electric vehicles with high requirements.

2. Electric vehicle drive motor: AC asynchronous motor

AC asynchronous motor is a type of motor that is widely used in industry. It places the rotor in a rotating magnetic field and obtains a rotational torque under the action of the magnetic field. The rotor is mostly a squirrel cage-shaped rotatable conductor. The controller of the AC asynchronous motor uses pulse width modulation to realize power conversion from high-voltage DC to three-phase AC, uses a frequency converter to realize motor speed regulation, and uses vector control or direct torque control to realize quick response of torque control to meet the load requirements for changing characteristics. The advantages of AC asynchronous motors are simple structure , good stability, no direct contact between the stator and rotor, magnetic field does not rely on magnet generation, strong operational reliability, high speed, and low maintenance cost. The disadvantages are high energy consumption and rapid heating of the rotor. Long-term high-speed operation requires a cooling system; due to the good constant speed performance, the speed adjustability is poor and an additional speed regulator is required. At present, AC asynchronous motors are mainly used in electric buses, commercial vehicles, logistics vehicles and other models that have low space and speed performance requirements . From the current point of view, this type of motor will not become a trend.

3. Electric vehicle drive motor: switched reluctance motor

As a new type of motor, the switched reluctance motor has the simplest structure compared to other types of drive motors. The stator and rotor are double-salient structures made of laminated ordinary silicon steel sheets. There are no windings on the rotor. Equipped with simple concentrated windings, it has the advantages of simple and solid structure, high reliability, light weight, low cost, high efficiency, low temperature rise and easy maintenance.

Although the structure of the switched reluctance motor is simple, the design of the control system is relatively complex, requiring a position detector, system nonlinear characteristics, and the magnetic field is a jumping rotation . During actual operation, the motor itself emits great noise and vibration, especially when the load is running. Therefore, the switched reluctance motor must overcome these two technical obstacles before it can be widely used in electric motors. automotive field;

With the rapid development of electric vehicle drive technology, many new structures or new concept motors have been put into research. Among them, the new permanent magnet brushless motor is one of the most promising motors at present, including hybrid excitation type, hub type, double stator type, memory type and magnetic gear compound type. In addition, amorphous motors have also begun to enter the field of new energy vehicles. As a new generation of high-performance motors, their own advantages will definitely play a huge role in promoting the development of the new energy vehicle industry.

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